Blockchain–IoT–AI Framework for Quality Traceability  

ABSTRACT:
This chapter proposes an integrated Blockchain–IoT–AI framework for secure and intelligent quality traceability, particularly in agricultural and rice supply chains. It explains how IoT sensors can continuously collect physical and environmental information, AI models can analyze images and sensor data for quality assessment, and blockchain can securely record important quality events and processing information. The framework supports unique digital identities for rice batches, quality monitoring, defect detection, moisture estimation, quality scoring, and QR-based access to traceability information. The chapter examines applications in rice quality certification, smart rice mills, food safety, warehouses, export-quality monitoring, consumer verification, and government procurement. Challenges related to data quality, sensor reliability, interoperability, stakeholder participation, scalability, and regulatory coordination are also addressed.